Banking Statistics
Description:
The Banking Statistics Module contains several data sets, covering the business and functioning of Scheduled Commercial Banks (SCBs) in the country, sourced from various publications of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
The first sub-module provides data pertaining to deposits and credit of Scheduled Commercial Banks along with their number of offices and employees, collected through Basic Statistical Returns of Scheduled Commercial Banks (BSR) system, since December 1972. The BSR system is the most comprehensive data base on commercial banking in the country covering their business of deposit mobilization and lending across regions, population groups, type of customers and so on. These data sets help to discern progress of commercial banking over time in terms of branch banking, institutionalisation of savings, and deployment of bank credit and its size distribution and, thus, facilitate a comprehensive assessment of the development and progress of Scheduled Commercial Banks in India.
The second sub-module has data on deployment of gross commercial bank credit by major sectors and by industry. This section also contains data relating to ‘Priority Sector Lending’, which featured commercial banks’ lending activities in the country since the nationalisation of 14 major banks in 1969.
And, the final section covers various account heads reported under earnings and expenditure and assets and liabilities of commercial banks. Since non-performing assets (NPAs) are an integral part of the performance of commercial banks, a separate section contains data on NPAs. This sub-module, thus, provides data capable of being used to measure and analyse the operational efficiency of the banking industry.
Scheduled Commercial Banks' deposits, credit, credit-deposit ratios, offices and employees (Based on the BSR system)
The RBI collects data on bank credit and deposits and other associated statistics directly from bank branches through surveys based on Basic Statistical Returns 1 & 2 (BSR-1 & BSR-2). These BSR surveys were initially done on a half-yearly basis for 18 years from December 1972 to June 1989. Subsequently, since March 1990. These surveys are being done on an annual basis as at end-March every year. The data under the BSR System cover a vast array of disaggregated statistical series on the distributions of both bank deposits and advances: population group-wise, bank group-wise, region-wise, state-wise and district-wise. Side by side, the system also provides data on the distribution of offices of commercial banks.
This sub-module provides details on the composition, ownership and maturity pattern of deposits, collected through a separate Return and they are based on a sample of bank branches. Again, based on BSR data on bank credit, apart from their spatial distribution, bank advances are presented by size, by type of loans, by industrial categories, by organisational groups, and by interest rate range; and many of these by two-way and three- way classifications.
Taking into consideration the nature of data availability, this sub-module has been segmented into three sections, namely, All-India, State and District.
All India
This section provides granular data on a number of key banking parameters such as bank deposits, credit and credit-deposit (C-D) ratios, number of offices and employees.
Bank credit is presented by population group, by bank group, by types of occupation, by size, by range of interest rate, by types of account and by organisation. Two-way distributions of bank credit such as occupation by population group, occupation by organisation and so on are also provided.
Likewise, bank deposits are presented by the following distributional categories: bank group, population group, types of deposits, broad ownership groups and maturity pattern of term deposits.
Finally, data on number of offices and employees are provided by population group and by bank group.
By States
This section provides state-wise granular data on a number of key banking parameters such as, bank deposits, credit and credit-deposit (C-D) ratios (Sanction and Utilisation), number of offices and employees.
A unique feature of the state-wise data is that it presents credit as per sanction and utilization, based on the concept of migration of credit. Very often bank credit sanctioned in one state/district is utilized in another state/district or that approved in an urban area is deployed in a rural area.
District-wise
This section provides granular data by districts on several key banking parameters such as, bank deposits, credit (Sanction and Utilisation) and credit-deposit (C-D) ratios, number of offices and employees.
These district-wise data are presented by major industry group as well as by population group.
This data series is a useful source material for evaluating the changing economic profiles of different districts as they generally reflect the social and economic development of the corresponding districts.
These data are sourced from the Reserve Bank of India’s publication Basic Statistical Returns of Scheduled Commercial Banks (commonly known as BSR), which commenced in 1972 and has apparently made the data base on commercial banking by far the most comprehensive and sophisticated one.
Deployment of Gross Bank Credit
Gross Bank Credit of Scheduled Commercial Banks and Priority Sector Lending
This sub-module provides data on gross bank credit (food and non-food credit), which are provisional and collected by obtaining special returns from select Scheduled Commercial Banks which account for about 90% of the bank credit extended by all Scheduled Commercial Banks. Non-food bank credit data include bills rediscounted with RBI, IDBI, Exim Bank other approved financial institutions and interbank operations. Net bank credit data refer to gross bank credit net of bills rediscounted with RBI, IDBI, Exim Bank and other approved financial institutions. These credit data are amounts outstanding as on the last reporting Friday of the respective month and as on the last reporting Friday of March in case of annual series.
In addition, this sub-module also gives data of Priority Sector Advances by Scheduled Commercial Banks. Priority sectors were broadly defined to include weaker sections who had genuine credit needs but did not draw much attention earlier. Initially, such advances consisted of loans to agriculture, small scale sector (road and water transport operators, small-scale industries and setting up of industrial estates) and against exports and others such as retail trade and small business, professional & self-employed persons and for education. However, in course of time, the coverage of priority sectors was broadened and ceiling within several categories of priority sectors got changed. Enlarging the canvas of priority sectors has rendered it difficult to compare the data series over time. Yet another feature was the target: way back in 1974, public sector banks were given a target of 33.3% of total outstanding credit to priority sectors to be achieved by the end of March 1979 (this norm was extended to private sector banks in 1978). This was subsequently raised in 1980 to 40% to be achieved by March 1985. Within the target, sub-targets were also fixed. These data are collected from Reserve Bank of India Bulletin which is a monthly publication of RBI.
Liabilities and Assets, Earnings and Expenses and NPA's
This sub-module provides three sets of disaggregated data capable of being used to measure and analyse the operational efficiency of the banking industry.
The first set under this sub-module presents asset-liability structures of Scheduled Commercial Banks, giving details of capital, reserves and public sources of funds followed by the details of assets such as loans and investments created out of those funds, from 1991-92 onwards.
The second set provides vast details of bank-groups’ earnings and operating expenses and the resulting profits or losses, which are after providing for ‘provisions and contingencies’ out of net income.
The final data set provides data relating to non-performing assets (NPAs) of bank groups, gross and net, as well as health classification of loan assets; NPA data are also classified sector-wise.
The data related to Liabilities and Assets and Earnings and Expenses are being collected from RBI’s publication titled Statistical Tables Relating to Banks in India. The NPAs related data are sourced from RBI’s publication Report on Trend and Progress of Banking in India.